AD-DUHA · 11 verses
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Nadia• سميت الضحى؛ لافتتاحها بقَسَم الله بوقت الضحى.
من مقاصد السورة• تذكير الله نبيَّه ﷺ بما أكرمه به في صِغَره وشبابه وكِبَره، وإبطالُ قول المشركين فيما زعموا بأنَّ الله هجر النبي ﷺ وأبغضه عند انقطاع الوحي، وتبشيره ﷺ بما أُعِدَّ له من الكرامات في الآخرة، وأَمْرُه بالشكر على تلك النِّعَم بما يناسبها؛ كالعطف على اليتيم، ورحمة المحتاجين.
[التفسير]أقسم الله بوقت الضحى، والمراد به النهار كله، وبالليل إذا سكن بالخلق واشتد ظلامه. ويقسم الله بما يشاء من مخلوقاته، أما المخلوق فلا يجوز له أن يقسم بغير خالقه، فإن القسم بغير الله شرك. ما تركك -أيها النبي- ربك، وما أبغضك بإبطاء الوحي عنك.
ولَلدار الآخرة خير لك من دار الدنيا، ولسوف يعطيك ربك -أيها النبي- مِن أنواع الإنعام في الآخرة، فترضى بذلك.
ألم يَجِدْك من قبلُ يتيمًا مات أبوك وأنت حَمْل في بطن أمِّك، فآواك ورعاك؟ ووجدك لا تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان، فعلَّمك ما لم تكن تعلم، ووفقك لأحسن الأعمال؟ ووجدك فقيرًا، فساق إليك رزقك، وأغنى نفسك بالقناعة والصبر؟
فأما اليتيم فلا تُسِئْ معاملته، وأما السائل فلا تزجره، بل أطعمه، واقض حاجته، وأما بنعمة ربك التي أسبغها عليك فتحدث بها.
Surah Doha, Surah Ad Duha or also Surah Al Duha (in Arabic : سورة الضحى) is translated into English as Surah The Morning Hours. It is a Meccan surah; indeed, the subject of this surah indicates that it belongs to the beginning of the Meccan period (that is to say before the Hegira or « Hijra »).
Ad Duha was given as a name to this surah, The Morning Hours, in reference to the content of the first verse:
« By the Morning Hours! And by the night when it grows still! »
Surah Doha is composed of 11 verses. Its ranking in the order of the Quran is Surah 93. In the order of revelation, it is placed in the 11th rank.
There was a time when the Prophet (sws) feared he had committed an error that had brought about God's displeasure. He had then felt a certain anxiety in the face of the sudden halt of the Revelation. He even fell ill because of it, and remained a night or two without performing the night prayer:
« The Messenger of God (sws) fell ill following the absence of revelations and remained a night or two without performing the night prayer. The wife of Abu Lahab came to him and said: ‘’O Muhammad, I find that your demon has forsaken you…’’»
[Reported by Bukhari and Muslim]
And at the moment when the Prophet (sws) was most saddened by the fact that the Revelation had ceased for a certain period, Surah Al Duha was sent down to Him to console Him. This surah reassured him by indicating to him that the Revelation had not been interrupted because of any displeasure of Allah, but that it had been necessary, just as is the calm of the night after the radiant day:
« By the Morning Hours! And by the night when it grows still! Your Lord has neither forsaken you, nor hated you. »
[Quran 93, 1 – 3]
It is thus that all the anxiety of our Holy Prophet (sws) caused by the halt of the Revelation was then dispelled.
Through Surah Ad Duha, the Lord of the Worlds consoles His Holy Prophet (sws), dispels his anxiety and his distress, then comforts him with His Promises, at the very moment when the revelation was suspended.
First of all, an oath by the brightness of the morning and the calm of the night, he is reassured, as if to say: « Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is He displeased with you ». Then, he receives the good news that the great difficulties of the beginning of his mission will not last, for each period of his future life will be better than the preceding one; and Allah will cover him with so many blessings that he will be satisfied.
Surah Al Duha is one of the prophecies of the Quran, which was verified afterwards. Nothing indicated that the Messenger of God, without support or wealth, who had launched into a struggle against the ignorance and paganism of an entire nation, would achieve such an extraordinary success that would last for an eternity.
Allah, through Surah Doha, shows us the elevated rank that the Prophet (sws) has in His sight. And this should lead us to love the Prophet (sws) even more, in order to draw closer to Allah. The night is a very important moment, as is the hour of Doha, the rising morning. In these periods we must use this time wisely for the worship and the contemplation of the Most High.
What Allah has reserved for His Messenger in the Hereafter is better than this lower world. Allah asks the Prophet (sws), but also every Muslim, to be compassionate and gentle towards orphans and the poor. The fact of remembering the Blessings that Allah has given us allows one to persevere, to be more patient and to thank Him even more.
Surah Ad Duha also exposes a great problem of a social order, poverty, whose resolution invokes the foundation of Islam. Indeed, the Zakat, which is one of the five pillars of our religion, is not just a simple act of kindness. Zakat is a right that benefits everyone. In a family, all the members support one another. And it should be the same for the outside world; the poor person is considered as the brother of the rich by his religion, which is Islam. Allah instructs His Prophet (sws), indicating to him through Surah Doha how he must treat God's creatures in return for His favours, and how he must show himself grateful for the Blessings that He has poured upon him.
The recitation of Surah Doha is reputed to be highly meritorious, notably in states of anxiety, fear or doubt. It has been reported many times by several scholars of Islam that this surah instils in its reader a strong feeling of well-being, of confidence and of faith towards his Creator. Surah Ad Duha is also a bearer of comfort and relief. God is the One who never refuses His Compassion to anyone. Whatever the mountain to climb, keep moving forward, for after the night comes the day! Allah the Most High guides your steps!
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