AL-ASR · 3 verses
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1By time,
2Indeed, mankind is in loss,
3Except for those who have believed and done righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to patience.
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MarouanThey have mentioned that 'Amr bin Al-'As went to visit Musaylimah Al-Kadhdhab after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was commissioned (as a Prophet) and before 'Amr had accepted Islam. Upon his arrival, Musaylimah said to him, "What has been revealed to your friend (Muhammad ﷺ) during this time?" 'Amr said, "A short and concise Surah has been revealed to him." Musaylimah then said, "What is it?" 'Amr replied;
وَالْعَصْرِ - إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ - إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ
(By Al-'Asr. Verily, man is in loss. Except those who believe and do righteous deeds, and recommend one another to the truth, and recommend one another to patience.)
So Musaylimah thought for a while. Then he said, "Indeed something similar has also been revealed to me." 'Amr asked him, "What is it?" He replied, "O Wabr (a small, furry mammal; hyrax), O Wabr! You are only two ears and a chest, and the rest of you is digging and burrowing." Then he said, "What do you think, O 'Amr?" So 'Amr said to him, "By Allah! Verily, you know that I know you are lying."
I saw that Abu Bakr Al-Khara'iti mentioned a chain of narration for part of this story, or what was close to its meaning, in volume two of his famous book Masawi' ul-Akhlaq. The Wabr is a small animal that resembles a cat, and the largest thing on it is its ears and its torso, while the rest of it is ugly. Musaylimah intended by the composition of these nonsensical verses to produce something which would oppose the Qur'an. Yet, it was not even convincing to the idol worshipper of that time.
At-Tabarani recorded from 'Abdullah bin Hisn Abi Madinah that he said, "Whenever two men from the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to meet, they would not part until one of them had recited Surat Al-'Asr in its entirety to the other, and one of them had given the greetings of peace to the other."
Ash-Shafi'i said, "If the people were to ponder on this Surah, it would be sufficient for them."
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
وَالْعَصْرِ - إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ - إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ
(1. By Al-'Asr.)(2. Verily, man is in loss.)(3. Except those who believe and do righteous deeds, and recommend one another to the truth, and recommend one another to patience.)
Al-'Asr is the time in which the movements of the Children of Adam occur, whether good or evil. Malik narrated from Zayd bin Aslam that he said, "It is the evening." However, the first view is the popular opinion. Thus, Allah swears by this, that man is in Khusr, which means in loss and destruction.
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ
(Except those who believe and do righteous good deeds)
So Allah makes an exception, among the species of man being in loss, for those who believe in their hearts and work righteous deeds with their limbs.
وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْحَقِّ
(And recommend one another to the truth,) This is to perform acts of obedience and avoid the forbidden things.
وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ
(And recommend one another to patience.) meaning, with the plots, the evils, and the harms of those who harm people due to their commanding them to do good and forbidding them from evil.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-'Asr, and all praise and thanks are due to Allah.
Surah Al-Asr is the 103rd chapter of the Holy Quran. Located just after Surah At-Takathur, it is a Meccan surah.
It is a surah of self-transformation, as the scholars say.
Surah Al-Asr shows us a roadmap for not falling into ruin. It is not a surah that speaks directly of how to achieve success, but rather, more precisely, of what is expected of us so as not to be among the losers in the Hereafter.
It reminds us to place at the centre of our concern the responsibilities of each of us as Muslims. The main subject is the duty to focus on our own responsibilities, which Allah describes to us. It is a call to greater humility that the Holy Quran enjoins all Muslims to adopt by reminding themselves every day of these very short verses.
In this Surah Al-Asr, Allah describes man in a state of weakness, of loss, and then the criteria by which He will judge a person's success on the Day of Judgement are described. In the same way, in the chapter Al-Ma'arij, Allah speaks of the impulsive nature of man (another weakness) and immediately after He mentions the qualities of the believers, at the top of which stands constancy in prayer as a remedy for it.
Every time Allah makes an observation about the weakness of the human being, He, to Him the Majesty and the Glory, gives immediately afterwards the remedy to be resorted to.
The first verse is an oath by Allah, who swears that men, from the beginning of the history of humanity until the Day of Judgement, are doomed to their loss.
And the other verses are the standards that lead to success in the Akhira. These are the criteria of those who have worked in the best manner and passed it on to their following generations, and they are the ones who have succeeded on the Day of Judgement.
These verses therefore speak of the 4 essential criteria for success. The minimum for success is contained in these verses, of which the first is like that seed, that faith, which bears fruit in actions in order to avoid being among the losers.
According to the scholars, in the time of the Prophet, two companions who met and spent time together would not part before having recited Surah Al-Asr, and then they would greet one another.
It is one of the two smallest surahs of the Quran and represents the essence of the life of the Muslim, the essence of the message of Allah.
This chapter is built in three verses but it is a single sentence.
Allah begins the surah using the word Wa, which means that it is an oath. It is an unusual opening intended to attract the attention of the believers.
Asr : the word Time by which Allah swears in this surah comes from the verb to press, to extract little by little something that will give us liquid, oil, or honey, and to mix while flowing gently. But also something powerful that will destroy, like the wind.
The time up until the moment of Al-Asr, in the middle of the day, has flowed gently, and as it passes the time flows faster and faster until it reaches sunset. The Arab poets used the word Asr to evoke a time past, poorly used, which indicates to us that al-asr can be understood as all the time we have lost.
Time presses us, but also protects us; this is why this explanation is positive, because the idea of al-asr is that we still have time left.
In a few words, the meaning to remember is that there is a balance to be found between the regrets one may feel due to neglected time, but also the urgency and the hope of making up for the lost time we have left to live.
Inna : When Allah begins with Inna it is a certainty, a way of insisting on the observation He gives.
Insan : human being comes from the word nissyan, which means the act of forgetting. Every human being without exception is on the road to his loss. Because the responsibility that falls upon us is something easy to forget. It is important to remember this, because Allah placed humanity first when speaking of those who are on the road to their loss, for afterwards He places the believers in the part of those who are the exception. He addresses human beings in general first in order to highlight the believers, those who work toward success. And He, ta'ala, enumerates the minimum criteria that this sincere belief generates.
Khousr : great loss. It is the nominal form chosen to amplify the situation: he does not merely forget to the point of going toward his loss. He is plunged into forgetfulness and therefore into his loss. Every kind of loss, to one degree or another, he is in his loss.
In Surah Al-Kahf the losers are called Al-Akhsarin A'mala : those whose works are doomed to loss.
Illa : except, with the exception of…
Amanou : those who believe
'amilou : those who have done good works
Tawassaou : those who mutually enjoin one another, who advise one another
Haq : truth
Sabr : patience
Such are the four characteristics for the one who wishes to save his soul from the great ruin that awaits him on the Day of Judgement:
Faith
Good works
The mutual enjoining to truth
The mutual enjoining to patience.