AD-DUHA · 11 verses
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1 Wa Ađ-Đuĥá
2 Wa Al-Layli 'Idhā Sajá
3 Mā Wadda`aka Rabbuka Wa Mā Qalá
4 Wa Lal'ākhiratu Khayrun Laka Mina Al-'Ūlá
5 Wa Lasawfa Yu`ţīka Rabbuka Fatarđá
6 'Alam Yajidka Yatīmāan Fa'āwá
7 Wa Wajadaka Đāllāan Fahadá
8 Wa Wajadaka `Ā'ilāan Fa'aghná
9 Fa'ammā Al-Yatīma Falā Taqhar
10 Wa 'Ammā As-Sā'ila Falā Tanhar
11 Wa 'Ammā Bini`mati Rabbika Faĥaddith
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Salahبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
وَالضُّحَىٰ - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ - وَلَلْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الْأُولَىٰ - وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰ - أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَىٰ - وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَىٰ - وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ - فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ - وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ - وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ
(1. By the forenoon.)(2. By the night when it darkens.)(3. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)(4. And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.)(5. And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.)(6. Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge?)(7. And He found you unaware and guided you?)(8. And He found you poor and made you rich?)(9. Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.)(10. And repulse not the one who asks.)(11. And proclaim the grace of your Lord.)
The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha
Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub that he said, "The Prophet ﷺ became ill, so he did not stand for prayer for a night or two. Then a woman came and said, 'O Muhammad! I think that your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed,
وَالضُّحَىٰ - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ
(By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)"
Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir, all recorded this Hadith. This Jundub (who narrated it) is Ibn 'Abdullah Al-Bajali Al-'Alaqi. In a narration from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said that he heard Jundub say that Jibril was slow in coming to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. So the idolators said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him." So Allah revealed,
وَالضُّحَىٰ - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ - مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ
(By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens. Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)
وَالضُّحَىٰ - وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ
(By the forenoon. By the night when it darkens.)
Al-'Awfi reported from Ibn 'Abbas, "When the Qur'an was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Jibril was delayed from coming to him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was affected by this. Then the idolators began to say, 'His Lord has abandoned him and hates him.' So Allah revealed,
مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ
(Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor hates you.)"
In this, Allah is swearing by the forenoon and the light that He has placed in it.
وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ
(By the night when it darkens (Saja).)
meaning, it settles, darkens meaning, it settles, darkens and overcomes them. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and others. This is a clear proof of the power of the Creator of this (light) and that (darkness). This is as Allah says,
وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ - وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ
By the night as it envelops. By the Day as it appears.) (92:1-2)
Allah also says,
فَالِقُ الْإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَنًا وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَانًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the Almighty, the All-Knowing.)(6:96)
Allah then says,
مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ
(Your Lord has neither forsaken you) meaning, 'He has not abandoned you.'
وَمَا قَلَىٰ
(nor hates (Qala) you.) meaning, 'He does not hate you.'
The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life
وَلَلْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ الْأُولَىٰ
(And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present.)
meaning, the abode of the Hereafter is better for you than this current abode. For this reason the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to be the most abstinent of the people concerning the worldly things, and he was the greatest of them in his disregard for worldly matters. This is well known by necessity from his biography. When the Prophet ﷺ was given the choice at the end of his life between remaining in this life forever and then going to Paradise, or moving on to the company of Allah, he chose that which is with Allah over this lowly world.
Imam Ahmad recorded that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began to rub his side. So I said, 'O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread something soft over this straw mat?' He replied,
مَالِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، إِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الدُّنْيَا كَرَاكِبٍ ظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا
(I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it.)" At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah both recorded this Hadith by way of Al-Mas'udi. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih."
The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
Then Allah says,
وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰ
(And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.)
meaning, in the final abode Allah will give him until He pleases him concerning his followers, and in that which He has prepared for him from His generosity. From this will be the River of Al-Kawthar, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on its banks, and the mud on its banks will be the strongest frangrance of musk, as will be mentioned.
Imam Abu 'Amr Al-Awza'i recorded that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was shown that which his Ummah would be blessed with after him, treasure upon treasure. So he was pleased with that. Then Allah revealed,
وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰ
(And verily, your Lord will give you so that you shall be well-pleased.)
So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will contain whatever he wishes of wives and servants."
This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim from his route of transmission. This chain of narration is authentic to Ibn 'Abbas, and statements like this can only be said from that which is Tawqif [meaning information that the Prophet ﷺ informed him of].
A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger
Enumerating His favors upon the Messenger ﷺ, Allah says:
أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَىٰ
(Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge?)
This refers to the fact that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was under the guardianship of his grandfather, 'Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad ﷺ was eight years old.
Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols.
All of this took place by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies of Islam) – may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him.
Then Allah says,
وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَىٰ
(He found you unaware and guided you?)
This is similar to Allah's saying,
وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا ۚ مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتَابُ وَلَا الْإِيمَانُ وَلَٰكِن جَعَلْنَاهُ نُورًا نَّهْدِي بِهِ مَن نَّشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا
(And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of our servants We will...)(42:52)
Allah says,
وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ
(And He found you poor and made you rich?)
meaning, 'you were poor having dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
لَيْسَ الْغِنَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْسِ
(Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the richness of the soul.)
In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاهُ
(Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.)
How should this Bounty be responded to?
Then Allah says,
فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ
(Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression.) meaning, 'just as you were an orphan and Allah sheltered you, then do not oppress the orphan.' In other words, 'do not humiliate him, scorn him or despise him. Rather, you should be kind and gentle to him.' Qatadah said, "Be like a merciful father to the orphan."
وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ
(And repulse not the one who asks.) meaning, 'just as you were astray and Allah guided you, then do not scorn the one who asks for knowledge seeking to be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said,
وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ
(And repulse not the one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant, wicked, or mean to the weak among Allah's servants." Qatadah said, "This means respond to the poor with mercy and gentleness."
وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ
(And procalim the grace of your Lord.)
meaning, 'just as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealthy, then tell about Allah's favor upon you.'
Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet ﷺ said,
لَا يَشْكُرُ اللهَ مَنْ لَا يَشْكُرُ النَّاسَ
(Whoever is not thankful to the people, then he is not thankful to Allah.)
At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith and he said, "Sahih".
Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir that the Prophet ﷺ said,
مَنْ أُبْلِيَ بَلَاءً فَذَكَرَهُ فَقَدْ شَكَرَهُ، وَمَنْ كَتَمَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَهُ
(Whoever overcomes some test (i.e., calamity) and mentions it (to others), then he is indeed thankful. And whoever conceals it, then indeed he was ungrateful.)
Abu Dawud was alone in recording this Hadith.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unto Allah is due all praise and thanks.
Surah Doha, Surah Ad Duha or also Surah Al Duha (in Arabic : سورة الضحى) is translated into English as Surah The Morning Hours. It is a Meccan surah; indeed, the subject of this surah indicates that it belongs to the beginning of the Meccan period (that is to say before the Hegira or « Hijra »).
Ad Duha was given as a name to this surah, The Morning Hours, in reference to the content of the first verse:
« By the Morning Hours! And by the night when it grows still! »
Surah Doha is composed of 11 verses. Its ranking in the order of the Quran is Surah 93. In the order of revelation, it is placed in the 11th rank.
There was a time when the Prophet (sws) feared he had committed an error that had brought about God's displeasure. He had then felt a certain anxiety in the face of the sudden halt of the Revelation. He even fell ill because of it, and remained a night or two without performing the night prayer:
« The Messenger of God (sws) fell ill following the absence of revelations and remained a night or two without performing the night prayer. The wife of Abu Lahab came to him and said: ‘’O Muhammad, I find that your demon has forsaken you…’’»
[Reported by Bukhari and Muslim]
And at the moment when the Prophet (sws) was most saddened by the fact that the Revelation had ceased for a certain period, Surah Al Duha was sent down to Him to console Him. This surah reassured him by indicating to him that the Revelation had not been interrupted because of any displeasure of Allah, but that it had been necessary, just as is the calm of the night after the radiant day:
« By the Morning Hours! And by the night when it grows still! Your Lord has neither forsaken you, nor hated you. »
[Quran 93, 1 – 3]
It is thus that all the anxiety of our Holy Prophet (sws) caused by the halt of the Revelation was then dispelled.
Through Surah Ad Duha, the Lord of the Worlds consoles His Holy Prophet (sws), dispels his anxiety and his distress, then comforts him with His Promises, at the very moment when the revelation was suspended.
First of all, an oath by the brightness of the morning and the calm of the night, he is reassured, as if to say: « Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is He displeased with you ». Then, he receives the good news that the great difficulties of the beginning of his mission will not last, for each period of his future life will be better than the preceding one; and Allah will cover him with so many blessings that he will be satisfied.
Surah Al Duha is one of the prophecies of the Quran, which was verified afterwards. Nothing indicated that the Messenger of God, without support or wealth, who had launched into a struggle against the ignorance and paganism of an entire nation, would achieve such an extraordinary success that would last for an eternity.
Allah, through Surah Doha, shows us the elevated rank that the Prophet (sws) has in His sight. And this should lead us to love the Prophet (sws) even more, in order to draw closer to Allah. The night is a very important moment, as is the hour of Doha, the rising morning. In these periods we must use this time wisely for the worship and the contemplation of the Most High.
What Allah has reserved for His Messenger in the Hereafter is better than this lower world. Allah asks the Prophet (sws), but also every Muslim, to be compassionate and gentle towards orphans and the poor. The fact of remembering the Blessings that Allah has given us allows one to persevere, to be more patient and to thank Him even more.
Surah Ad Duha also exposes a great problem of a social order, poverty, whose resolution invokes the foundation of Islam. Indeed, the Zakat, which is one of the five pillars of our religion, is not just a simple act of kindness. Zakat is a right that benefits everyone. In a family, all the members support one another. And it should be the same for the outside world; the poor person is considered as the brother of the rich by his religion, which is Islam. Allah instructs His Prophet (sws), indicating to him through Surah Doha how he must treat God's creatures in return for His favours, and how he must show himself grateful for the Blessings that He has poured upon him.
The recitation of Surah Doha is reputed to be highly meritorious, notably in states of anxiety, fear or doubt. It has been reported many times by several scholars of Islam that this surah instils in its reader a strong feeling of well-being, of confidence and of faith towards his Creator. Surah Ad Duha is also a bearer of comfort and relief. God is the One who never refuses His Compassion to anyone. Whatever the mountain to climb, keep moving forward, for after the night comes the day! Allah the Most High guides your steps!